It costs time

Hello! >500/mm3 - Candidal vaginitis Persistent Generalized lymphadenopathy 200-500/mm3 - Pneumococcal pneumonia Pulmonary TB Herpes Zoster Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (Thrush) <200/mm3- Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia Miliary/Extrapulmonary TB <100/mm3- Candida Esophagitis Penicillinosis Toxoplasmosis Cryptococcosis <50/mm3- Mycobacterium avium coplex(MAC) Disseminated cytomegalovirus (CMV) Hope this will help. -Upasana Y.

Hell o! I)Serologic markers of hepatic fibrosis can broadly be categorized as indirect or direct:   ●Indirect markers reflect alterations in hepatic function, but do not directly reflect extracellular matrix metabolism. Examples include the platelet count, coagulation studies, and liver aminotransferases. ●Direct markers of fibrosis reflect extracellular matrix turnover. Examples include procollagen types I and III, hylauronic acid , and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase . II)Permissive role of hormone- It means that the hormone enhances the action of another hormone. LEPTIN- It has an important permissive role in the progression into puberty and the maintenance of normal hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function. KISSPEPTIN- It is a principle activator of GnRH neurons and is a pre-requisite for the onset of puberty and maintenance of normal reproductive function. It is a neuropeptide. Loss of function mumtation of kisspeptin receptor gene (KISS1R) are

Hello! LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE - 1.Bacterial-BCG, Oral typhoid (Ty21a) 2.Viral- OPV,measles,MMR,varicella,rotavirus KILLED VACCINE- 1.Bacterial- Pertussis,whole cell killed typhoid 2.VIRAL-IPV,Rabies,Hepatitis A,influenza MODIFIED BACTERIAL TOXINS OR TOXOIDS-Diphtheria toxoid,tetanus toxoid BACTERIAL CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE- Salmonella typhi(Vi),Hib,meningococci,pneumococci RECOMBINANT (viral)-Recombinant hepatitis B,influenza Hope this may help! -Upasana Y.

Hello :D I was reviewing the corticosteroid synthesis pathway and its applied. Let us begin. :)) Adrenal gland consist of two parts :- 1. MEDULLA 2.CORTEX Adrenal dysfunction includes hyperfunction / hypofunction of medulla and cortex. 1. MEDULLA A)  HYPERFUNCTION - pheochromocytoma                                          -Neuroblastoma 2.CORTEX A)HYPERFUNCTION -Conn's disease                                       -Cushing's syndrome (Primary tumors)                                                                           (excess ACTH -pituitary hypersecretion,ECTOPIC) B)HYPOFUNCTION -ACTH deficiency (Iatrogenic , pituitary insufficiency) C)CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA (from partial enzyme deficiencies due to mutation in genes) Clinical features of CAH :- 1.DUE TO DECREASED ALDOSTERONE :- -Sodium wasting (hyponatremia+dehydration+shock)  (early presentation) -increased potassium -acidosis 2.DUE TO DECREASED CORTISOL:- -Hypoglycemia -increased A

Hello! This post claims no credit for any images posted on this site unless otherwise noted. Foleys catheter Vacutainers Volume-flow curve  Hope this will help.  -Upasana Y.

Hello! Today I will be sharing with you my revision plan. You can customize it according to your need and schedule. 1.Complete your first reading from notes. 2.I wanted to complete DVT, highlighted points in TND notes and Revise specific topic in some subject. Last few days I divided days into 3 slots (1st slot I read subjects I was scoring not so well, 2nd slot I wanted to complete previous year neet papers and Qbanks and 3rd slot notes and highlighted point from other subject. After giving mock or any test I make this pages for each subject to note down topics I want to review. Happy Studying! -Upasana Y. 

Hello! Photo taken from Medicowesome blog Happy Studying! -Upasana Y.

Hello! The classification and staging of chronic venous insufficiency (clinical severity) can be measured by a scoring system called clinical manifestations, etiological factors, anatomical distribution, and pathophysiological conditions. Happy Studying! -Upasana Y. 

Hello ! You all must be familiar with the complications of atrial fibrillation (AF). The management of atrial fibrillation is centered on these complications. Thromboembolism is caused by AF. CHA2DS2VASc score is to estimate stroke risk in AF patients and to start OACs (oral anticoagulants). Previously, we have CHADS2 Score. Hope it will help. -Upasana Y. 

Hello! This is one of the confuser in the options. Let me help you out with this. Have a great day. -Upasana Y.

Hello! Based on histological examination of benign breast tissue, we can assess the relative risk of invasive breast carcinoma. Why do we want to assess this? In some studies it has been found that histologic features, the age at biopsy, and the degree of family history are major determinants of the risk of breast cancer after the diagnosis of benign breast disease.  1. Findings suggestive of  No increased risk -Adenosis (sclerosing or fibroid) -Cystic (macro & /micro) -Duct ectasia -Fibrosis -Fibroadenoma -hyperplasia -Mastitis -Squamous metaplasia -Periductal Mastitis 2. Findings suggestive of  slightly increased risk (1.5 to 2 times) -Hyperplasia, moderate or florid, solid or papillary -papilloma with fibrovascular core 3. Finding suggestive of  moderately increased risk  (5 times) -Atypical hyperplasia, ductal or lobular 4. Insufficient data to assign a risk -solitary papilloma of lactiferous sinus -Radical scar Lesion Happy Studying!

Hello! :D Let us go back to  the contribution of neural crest cells to many different systems (neural, skin, teeth, head, face, heart, adrenal glands, and gastrointestinal tract). Neural crest forms neural and non-neural population. -Cranial neural crest -cardiac neural crest -trunk neural crest -Vagal neural crest So, Malformations of NC origin -Facial clefts, ear malformations, and other Facial defects  -Branchial fistulae and anomalies of pharyngeal arch derivatives -Cardiovascular malformations  -Pigmentary disorders -Abnormal enteric innervation  -Tumors  -Hemangiomas and vascular malformations 1. Facial clefts, ear malformations, and other facial defects-   The shaping of the face is therefore patterned under the influence of the NC. The more common malformations of the region -preauricular tags -microtia -cleft lip, and cleft palate -CHARGE association -Treacher Collins, or Goldenhar syndrome. 2. Branchial fistulae and anom

Hello ! Q. On peripheral blood smears there is presence of  spherocytes . What are the differentials and the test to identify the same? Most of you have prompted it as hereditary spherocytosis.  Let see. Ans.  DIFFERENTIALS :-  HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS AUTO-IMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA  Best next step is to do  DIRECT COOMBS TEST  to rule out autoimmune hemolytic anemia. For hereditary spherocytosis go for osmotic fragility test.     So spherocytosis doesn't means Hereditary, it could be acquired, usually preceded by an infection. HAPPY STUDYING :)  - Upasana Y.

Hello! Here is Last minute revision for aneuploidy screening in Obs Gynae. Happy Studying! -Upasana Y. 

Hello! Here is Last minute revision post on tumor markers, Surgical blades, Cautery and sepsis. Hope it will help. -Upasana Y. 

Hello! Here is the remaining list of final year topics. 1.SURGERY- Glasgow coma scale ( Changes ) Burn ( Burn fluid management ) Cannula color coding  Triage Trauma Incisions,suture,foleys,NG tube,Knots,Scores Latest updates in breast cancer,thyroid and hepatobiliary cancers,Pancreatic cancer,stomach,colorectal cancer Bed sores staging   Renal stones managment Gall stone managment and surgical complication Bariatric surgery Acute pancreatitis managment  Upper GI and lower GI bleed management and causes Aortic aneurysm Meckel diverticulum Wound classification Cancer-(Breast,rectum,stomach,oesophagus,HCC,prostate,thyroid) Cancer follow up duration  Carcinoid and GIST and gastrinoma  2.MEDICINE-  ECG visuals Cardiac emergencies-Arrest,Unstable angina,MI,Arrhythmia,Dissection Respiratory emergency-Pulmonary embolism,pneumothorax,Asthma  Stroke Meningitis (Bacterial,viral,aseptic) Approach to patient in Coma Seizure Electrolyte imbalance ABG Hypertensio

Hello! Following is the list of Final year topics.  1. OBSTETRIC AND GYNECOLOGY - Pre-eclampsia (Definitions) HELLP PPH (prophylaxis and treatment) Perineal tear (Types and managment) Diabetes and anomalies scan  Shoulder dystocia maneuvers Molar pregnancy (High risk and low risk for GTN) Ectopic  (Diagnosis, Investigation and managment) Abortions  Recurrent pregnancy loss (Investigations and causes) Cervical incompetence MTP Diagnosis and physiological changes of pregnancy   Abruptio vs placenta previa vs Vasa previa Heart disease MgSO4 and drug Fetal monitoring -NST,BPP,doppler Twins and complications Labor-stages,partogram Placenta types and associated pathology Rh incompatibility Amenorrhea (primary and secondary) Mullerian anomalies (Class) Asherman, AIS,Gonadectomy indication Puberty and precocious puberty Menopause (Hormone replacement therapy guidelines)  Postmenopausal bleeding and premature ovarian failure (Levels of FSH) Semen analysis (Ev

Hello ! Following is the list of 3rd year topics. 1. COMMUNITY MEDICINE- Surveillance programs Sensitivity, specificity,PPV and NPV (Screening of disease) Types of studies  Odds ratio and relative risk ratio Bias Sampling  Biostatistics - central tendency  (Box and whisker plot )  Level of prevention  Vaccine and types (Toxoid and live attenuated) Demography and family planning Biomedical waste Health programmes ( RNTCP, HIV) Communication Nutrition and related programmes Disaster Null hypothesis,P value and alpha value Confidence limit  2.OPHTHALMOLOGY-  Refractive errors (Astigmatism) Surgery and post op complication(Glaucoma,cataract,squint) Conjuctivitis Corneal ulcer (Bacterial,fungal and herpetic) (Stains) ROP and systemic retinopathy (Hypertensive and diabetic retinopathy) Retinitis pigmentosa  and syndromes Retinal detachment and cause Retinoblastoma  Strabismus Optic neuritis Visual field defect  Blow out fracture and trauma to eye Glauc

Hello ! Following is the list of 2nd year topics. 1.FORENSIC MEDICINE Ballistics ( Firearm ranges ) Identification (female male, blood sample) Recent amendments in acts (POCSO act, MTP Act) Application of IPC,CrPC sections Postmortem changes Dentition And Xray of wrist elbow and pelvis to determine age Injuries -fracture of skull, RTA, Bruise Toxicology- Plant based image, Preservation of viscera, Snakes,Arsenic, OP poisoning,Mercury,cadmium,Cardiac poison, Metallic poison Consent Grievous hurt and murder vs culpable homicide Seminal stains Dowry death and Rape Battered baby syndrome Plant Toxicology (castor,abrus,strychnine,Dhatura,Aconite,Oleander,Calotropis,Opium,Cannabis) 2. PATHOLOGY- Breast cancer,  Lung cancer and Ovarian and testicular tumors CD markers Hemolytic anemia Wbc pathology Vasculitis Endocarditis And MI  Types of hypersensitivity reaction Platelet and coagulation disorder(ITP,TTP,hemophilias,vWD) Stains And Vacutainers Trans

Hello ! The aim is to help the students who want to give upcoming NEET PG Exam and are clueless about how to plan and prepare ? I know my friend struggling day in and out for life in Covid wards. Exams doesn't matter now. When they will have time in hand I want to help them out with plan beforehand. They are already brilliant enough to have been through all the challenges. :) I know you can't predict what is important for this or next exams. Atleast with time in hand you can  glance through some topics that contribute 70% of any exam. I am sharing the list of 1st year subject I made during my preparation. 1.ANATOMY Embryology  Pharyngeal arches Neural crest derivatives Oogenesis and spermatogenesis Notochord and remnants  Extraembryonic mesoderm Diaphragm  Cardiovascular system ( Abnormal subclavian artery) Urogenital system  Histology  Cerebellum Osteoblasts Urinary bladder epithelium Cell junctions Collagen types cartilage Tonsil,Lymph nod

Hi there! Let us begin with journey for upcoming NEET PG and AIIMS PG. Today I will share with you the tips on "How to plan your preparation for NEET PG?" " An hour of planning can save you from hours of doing nothing ." Essentials:- 1.Google calendar or Print out of calendar   -->Get printable calender here 2.Pen 3.Blank paper I) Google calendar:- I started my preparation in March. I had schedule of the rotations beforehand. Lesson 1:- "Do you have 9 months for Jan NEET PG ?" "No" It seems so we have months for prep but we have only days . So make realistic plan by counting out the days you will be busy with TND and grand tests. To see how your whole year going to look like make a virtual plan. I color coded the event which was repetitive. Purple-The posting in the given month Green-The days I am free Blue-The test and discussion day Orange-The test and discussion I missed Red-Grand test II) Take out print or wri