It costs time

Definition:- Modification of response  to one drug by another drug or non drug (like food ,beverageslike alcohol,smoking) when they are administered simultaneously or in quick succession  . Factors for drug interactions:- 1.Multiple drugs for same disease. 2.Multiple prescribers. 3.Multiple diseases. 4.Poor patient compliance . 5. Drug factors like it is not palatable or too many in frequency . 6.Multiple unknown action of drugs. 7. Most imp is patients age . Effects of drug interaction:- 1.Quantitative i.e Increase  or decrease the response intensity. 2. Qualitative:- abnormal /different type of response. Mechanism of drug interaction :- A.Pharmacokinetic interactions include,  1.Absorption (either complex formation ,pH change ,or alteration in motility of GIT.) 2. Distribution:- (displacement from plasma protein binding site + inhibition of metabolism /or excretion) 3. Metabolism:- ( induction of enzymes or inhibition of enzymes or hepatic blood flow) 4.Excr

Wow! I didn't know this about wound healing. Ionising radiations - delays wound healing. Non -ionising radiations(UV rays)- improves wound healing. :) -Upasana Y.

Hello :) 1. Echinococcus granulosus You can remember by "g". Do"g" - Echinococcus "g"ranulosus. 2.Toxoplasma gondii You can remember it by "T" Ca"T"- "T"toxoplasma gondii Take care.:) -Upasana Y.

Hello !:) I was always confused between different serotonin receptors and for which we need agonist and antagonist of it. So here I am with simplified version .Write it on your paper ,practice it .For details ,refer your textbook and see this chart. Chalk and board is my favorite. :) Happy studying. Take care.:) -Upy

Hello! :) I have never studied vitamin in this way .These were the questions asked during my pharmacology vivas. And I found it fascinating after studying. Q. Which vitamin deficiency is related with lowering of seizure threshold? Ans. Pyridoxine Vit B6 . As it is associated with synthesis of neurotransmitter GABA . Therefore it is indicated during Isoniazid induced convulsions. :) Q. Why laropiprant (20mg) + Niacin (1g) is used in combination? Ans. We know that here the main reason is nicotinic acid (a derivative)  which results in flushing of face. Why? Vasodilation of  cutaneous vessels. So we combine it with specific anti-flushing drug called laropiprant. Q .In hyperemesis gravidarum,what you give for associated Wernicke's encephalopathy following hyperemesis ? Ans. Even I thought of anti-emetics but it came out to be "vitamin B1" . (Everytime Wernicke's encephalopathy doesn't result from alcohol:P) That's for today. Take care. :) -Upy